We have found 1 possible answer for: Stripped crossword clue which was last seen today April 15 2022,in the daily Crossword Universe Classic puzzle. The answer we have in our database for Stripped has a total of 4 Letters.
POSSIBLE ANSWER:
BARE
Already found the solution for Stripped? Click here to go back to the main post and find other answers Crossword Puzzle Universe Classic April 15 2022 Answers.